Multi-parameter monitoring system

ABSTRACT

A plurality of multi-parameter monitoring tool assemblies are connectable over a communications network and are further in communication with a central controller. Each of the tool assemblies is configured to interconnect with one or more sensor head components which may be employable in the monitoring of water quality. According to the system described herein, the central controller may periodically communicate with one or more of the tool assemblies connected in the communications network and extract, process, and display information as to the configuration and operation of one or more tool assemblies.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a tool assembly configured to monitor aplurality of conditions, and more particularly to a tool assemblyconfigured to measure and store data for several water qualityparameters, wherein the tool assembly is configured to receive andcommunicate with a number of interchangeable sensors.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

An ever increasing emphasis is being placed on systematic monitoring ofenvironmental conditions in relation to ground and surface waterresources. Examples of some situations where monitoring of conditions ofa water resource may be desired include environmental monitoring ofaquifers at an industrial site to detect possible contamination of theaquifer, monitoring the flow of storm water runoff and storm runoffdrainage patterns to determine the affects on surface water resources,monitoring the flow or other conditions of water in a watershed fromwhich a municipal water supply is obtained, monitoring lake, stream orreservoir levels, and monitoring ocean tidal movements.

These applications often involve taking data over an extended time andoften over large geographic areas. For many applications, data iscollected inside of wells or other holes in the ground. A commontechnique is to drill, or otherwise excavate, a number of monitoringwells and insert down-hole monitoring tools into the wells to monitorsome condition of the water in the wells. One desirable feature of sucha tool assembly is the capability to monitor one or more conditions atthe site where the tool assembly has been located. In addition to suchparameters as water level, temperature, and turbidity, it is alsodesirable to measure other parameters such water quality (i.e., theamount of contaminants in the water) which can be measured through theuse of a conductivity sensor or other ion selective electrodes (ISE)sensors specially configured to detect the presence of one or morespecific contaminants.

A significant issue with regards to the employment of tool assembliesfor monitoring water quality conditions is the relatively high cost ofeach unit. One reason for the high cost is that they use expensivecomponents and designs that frequently require a significant amount ofexpensive machining and assembly. The tools assemblies often require thecomplex assembly of many components and significant manufacturingexpenses are often required to provide structures for coupling thecomponents and for electrically interconnecting the components.Furthermore, assembly and disassembly of components of the down-holetools frequently require the use of wrenches or other tools, andsometimes special tools. This complicates use of the down-holemonitoring tools, and providing features on the down-hole tools toaccommodate tools required for assembly and disassembly often requiresmachining, which significantly adds to manufacturing costs. Furthermore,electrical interconnections between components typically require specialkeying of the components, or of the electrical connectors between thecomponents which result in difficulty of use and a possibility for tooldamage or malfunction due to misalignment.

In addition to the high cost of monitoring wells and down-holdmonitoring tools, a significant amount of ongoing labor is typicallyrequired to maintain the tools and to obtain and use data collected bythe tools. For example, it is frequently necessary to have someone visitthe monitoring wells at periodic intervals to make sure that the toolsare still working and to obtain data collected by the tools. Data mustthen be analyzed for use. The frequency between visits to a well may bea function of a number of variables, such as the reliability of thetools, the frequency with which batteries need to be replaced, and thecapacity of the tools to collect and either store or provide access tothe data. Moreover, many down-hole tools are difficult to service andmust be returned to manufacturers and distributors for even relativelysimple service tasks such as changing batteries in the tool. There is asignificant need for tools that are simple to manufacture and assemble,require less attention, and are easier to service.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Described herein is a multi-parameter monitoring system which includes aplurality of multi-parameter monitoring tools connectable to acommunications network, where each of the monitoring tools is configuredto electrically interconnect with a plurality of interchangeable sensorhead components. A central controller also connectable to thecommunications network, is configured to communicate with each ofmulti-parameter monitoring tools so as to extract operationalinformation from the tool assembly which relates to the configuration ofthe sensor head components interconnected to the sensor head as welltheir operations.

The central controller is further configured to detect each of themulti-parameter tool assembly connected to the communications network,selectively access each of the tool assemblies and communicate so as toaccess, amend, and/or extract information stored in the tool assembly,relating to each of the interchangeable sensor head componentsinterconnected with the access tool assembly. This selective accessingmay be performed by placement of a unique address header in a messagewhich is transmitted over in the communications network and identifiedby the addressed tool assembly.

The operational information extracted from a particular tool assemblymay comprise identification information for the componentsinterconnected in that tool assembly. According to the system describedherein, the sensor head components may comprise sensors and/oraccessories. In the configuration of the invention where the toolassembly is configured to monitor water quality in location such asground water, surface water and flow cells, the interchangeable sensorsmay be configured for monitoring a number of parameter which includes:conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pressure and/or turbidity, oxidationreduction potential (ORP), chloride, nitrate, chlorophyll, ammonium, andtemperature. In the configuration of the multi-parameter monitoring toolassembly where the sensor head component is a sensor, the operationalinformation may include calibration data. In the configuration of themulti-parameter monitoring tool assembly where the sensor head componentcomprises an accessory, this accessory may be a stirring, wiper, and/orshutter device.

The communications network over which central controller communicateswith the multi-parameter monitoring tool assemblies may comprise atleast one of: the Internet, the public switch telephone network (PSTN),a wireless telephone, as well as radio waves. The multi-parametermonitoring tool assemblies may be located at a remote site whereincommunications with a central controller are facilitated through use ofa modem/controller device. This modem/controller device may be configureto emulate at least one other system such that communications may beestablished with devices other than the central controller.

The central controller may comprise any number of different deviceswhich include: a personal computer, a palm top computer, a well topdevice, as well as another tool assembly. The central controller may befurther configured so as to visually present information related to eachof the multi-parameter tool assemblies in communications with thecentral controller over the communication network. The visualinformation may be presented on a screen display device which alsoprovides for manual entry of information related to the operations ofthe multi-parameter tool assembly. As part of the central controlleroperations, the central controller is configured to detect when at leastone tool assembly is connected to the network, detect the sensor headcomponents interconnected with the tool assembly and present a firstscreen display which provides detailed configuration information for theparticular tool assembly including data for each of the individualsensor head components connected thereto. Further, the sentralcontroller may present a second screen display which provides for manualentry of parameter information for each of the sensors included in thesensor head components. A third screen display may be presented formanual entry of testing information for each of the sensors, as well asextracting and compiling test information gather by the tool assemblyduring the monitoring process.

Additional functions performed by the central controller may include theupgrading and/or replacing of firmware resident in a particularmulti-parameter monitoring tool assembly.

With regards to the use of sensors interconnected with a multi-parametermonitoring tool assembly, various testing procedures may be employed.One procedure in particular includes the monitoring of dissolved oxygenin a volume of water. The procedure may include first positioning thedissolved oxygen sensor in the liquid to be monitored. As was disclosedabove, liquid may comprise ground water, surface water, or water withina flow cell. In order to begin the test, an electrical pulse of apredetermined magnitude is initiated across the electrodes in thedissolved oxygen sensor. At a second period of time after the initiationof the pulse, a measurement of the current magnitude across theelectrodes is taken. Once this measurement is taken, a correction valuerelated to the second period of time may be retrieved from memory andadded to the measure value. This total comprises a final dissolvedoxygen measurement which, depending on the configuration of the system,may be digitized and stored in memory for future access.

In order to conserve energy in the system, the first period of time maybe equal the second period of time. That is, once a measurement istaken, the pulse may be terminated. Additionally, the above describedmeasurement process may be performed on a periodic basis where eachperiod is significantly longer than the first period of time.

The invention described herein may be further configured such that eachof the multi-parameter monitoring tools in the system are configured toinclude at least one unactivated circuit connectable between amicroprocessor device in the tool assembly and a sensor head componentwhich is employable for monitoring at least one parameter. According tothe system described herein, the unactivated circuit is furtherconfigured to include a high impedance buffer device so as to reducecurrent magnitude through the unpowered circuit. This high impedancebuffer device provides the benefit of reducing stray currents which mayinterfere with system operations.

In one configuration of the invention, the high impedance buffer devicemay include a micro powered operational amplifier. This operationalamplifier may be connectable in a circuit with either an active orpassive sensor. In the configuration where the operational amplifier isconnectable to an active sensor, this circuit may further include acapacitive device connectable at the operational amplifier output whichminimizes current drive to un-powered circuitry, and a resistive elementconnected between ground and the output of the operational amplifierwhich provides dc bias.

In the circuits where the operational amplifier is connected to acircuit with a passive sensor, a large magnitude resistive element maybe connectable at the output of the operational amplifier. The resistiveelement minimizes current drive to unpowered circuitry.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 a discloses a geometric view of the multi-parameter monitoringtool and FIG. 1 b discloses an exploded view of same.

FIGS. 2 a–c discloses various views of the multi-parameter sensor head.

FIG. 3 a discloses a geometric view of an interchangeable sensor headcomponent and FIG. 3 b discloses an exploded view of same.

FIGS. 4 a and b disclose various views of a first embodiment of theconductivity sensor.

FIGS. 5 a–c discloses various views of a second embodiment of theconductivity sensor.

FIGS. 6 a–c discloses three configurations of an accessory.

FIGS. 7 a–b discloses two configurations of an enclosure device.

FIG. 8 a discloses a breakaway view of the enclosure device including asecond sensor head and FIG. 8 b discloses a breakaway view of theenclosure device including stirring mechanism.

FIG. 9 discloses a breakaway side view of the multi-parameter monitoringtool.

FIG. 10 discloses a perspective view of the outer housing.

FIG. 11 a-b discloses views of the inner housing.

FIG. 12 shows an assembled view of the analog circuit card with sensorhead.

FIG. 12 b discloses an explode perspective view barometric and FIG. 12 cdiscloses a perspective view of the analog circuit card.

FIG. 13 shows a side view of the main circuit board including barometricpressure sensor.

FIG. 14 a-c discloses views of the removable backshell includingelectrode.

FIG. 15 a-b discloses views of the data quick connect including printedcircuit board.

FIG. 16 discloses a system diagram for the electronics portion of thetool assembly.

FIG. 17 a-b discloses various configurations of the high impedancebuffers employable in the tool assembly.

FIG. 18 discloses a flow chart which describes the steps performed inperforming monitoring operations for the dissolved oxygen sensor.

FIG. 19 a-d is a system diagram which show the various configurations ofthe communications network employable to connect with themulti-parameter monitoring tool.

FIG. 20 discloses multiple multi-parameter monitoring tools connected ina network configuration.

FIG. 21 discloses the system configuration for the central controller.

FIG. 22 discloses a flow chart which describes the steps performed bythe central controller in identifying tool assembly connected to thecommunications network.

FIG. 23 discloses a flow chart which describes the steps performed byeach of the tool assemblies connected to the communications network whentransmitting messages to the central controller.

FIG. 24 discloses a flow chart which describes the steps performed by atool assembly to collect data during the adaptive scheduling process.

FIG. 25 discloses a flow chart which describes the steps performed inthe upgrading or replacement of firmware in a tool assembly connected tothe communications network.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention comprises a multi-parameter tool assemblyemployable for monitoring conditions in any number of locations,including ground and/or surface water, as well as within a flow cell.These locations may include insertion into a well or other hole.Specifically included in the multi-parameter tool assembly is a sensorhead specially configured to receive and interconnect with one or moresensor head components. The sensor head components may comprise suchthings as a sensor or an accessory. The sensors may each be employablefor monitoring a particular parameter. Further included in themulti-parameter tool assembly is an electronic system configured todirect at least one operation of the tool assembly and preferablysubstantially all operations. The electronic system may include aprocessor and memory having stored instructions readable and executableso as to direct operation. When one or more sensors are mounted in thesensor head, the computing unit is configured to identify andcommunicate with each of the sensors so as to take and processmeasurements. The multi-parameter tool assembly is also configured forinterconnection with a data line so as to communicate with othersystems, such as a central controller over data network.

Disclosed in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b are assembled and exploded views,respectively, of the multi-parameter monitoring tool 10. The monitoringtool comprises a body portion 12 which is substantially cylindrical inshape, and enclosed within are the computing and power source componentsof the monitoring tool. Extending from the body portion 12 is anenclosure device 14, which in this view is a restrictor, which is alsosubstantially cylindrical in shape. Formed in the restrictor are holes15 which provide for the flow through of the liquid which is to bemonitored. Although a restrictor 14 is shown in the embodiment of theinvention shown in FIG. 1 a, other enclosure devices, which will bedescribed in greater detail below, are attachable to the tool assembly.

At the opposite end of the monitoring tool 10 is removable backshell 16,which as will be described in greater detail below, provides for easyaccess to batteries which are employed as a power source and arecontained within the body portion 12. In connection with the batteryremoval backshell 16 is data quick-connect 18, which providesconnections from one or more remote locations to the tool assembly, andis configured such that it is removable without the necessity ofdisconnecting the internal power source.

Disclosed in FIG. 1 b is an exploded view of the multi-parametermonitoring tool and shown in particular is sensor head 30, which isconnectable with body 12 in a manner which will be describe in greaterdetailed below. Included on the sensor head portion is a male threadedportion 46, which is configured to engage female threads on enclosuredevice 14. Configured in the sensor block 30 are one or more ports 34.As will be discussed in greater detail below, the ports 34 are speciallyconfigured to receive and engage an interchangeable sensor headcomponent 32. In one configuration of the invention, the interchangeablesensor head components 32 are substantially cylindrical in shape,however, both the ports 34 and the interchangeable sensor headcomponents may be configured in other shapes depending on the particularparameter being monitored or function to be performed. As an example,pressure sensor 36 is substantially rectangular in shape but is stillreceived by a specially configured sensor port in sensor head 30.Although the configuration as shown only includes five sensor ports forreceiving interchangeable sensor head components, it is conceivable thatthis number may be increased or decreased depending on the particularenvironment within which the monitoring tool is operating and theavailable space in the tool.

As was mentioned above, the body portion 12 is configured to receive oneor more replaceable batteries 38. In the preferred embodiment of theinvention, the batteries are standard D-size cells, however, dependingon the space available and the electronic configuration, other types ofpower cells may be employable. The replaceable batteries 38 arelocatable within the housing 12 and accessible through removablebackshell 16. Incorporated into removable backshell 16 is a femalethreaded portion which is specially configured to engage a male threadedportion (not shown) of the housing 12. Also included in the removablebackshell 16 is a female threaded portion configured to receive andengage with a male threaded portion configured on a data quick-connect18. Certain electrical connections, to be disclosed below, are includedin both the data quick-connect 18 and removable backshell 16 in order toprovide for data connections.

Disclosed in FIGS. 2 a–c are detailed views of sensor head 30. As wasdiscussed above, the sensor head 30 includes a number of sensor portsfor receiving one or more interchangeable sensor head components.Specifically, the sensor head 30 may be configured to include a numberdifferent ports, such as port 34 which provide for engaging theinterchangeable sensor head components, wherein other ports, such asports 35 and 40 may provide for engaging and interconnecting withcomponents other than those which are interchangeable. The sensor head30 includes a number of features employable in the assembly of themonitoring tool. Specifically, included therein is a threaded portion 42which is configured to rotateably engage the enclosure device 14. Alsoincluded are a number of grooves 44 which receive a radiallycompressible sealing device such as an O-ring, gasket, or similarlyconfigured component. These sealing devices provide, at least partially,for the engagement of the sensor block 30 with the body portion 12. Thethreaded portion 46 of sensor block 30 also provides for the engagementof the sensor head 30 with the body portion 12.

Shown in FIG. 2 c is a cross-sectional view of the sensor head 30. Shownin particular is the configuration of the sensor ports 34 port whichreceives and engage the interchangeable sensors. Each sensor port 34comprises a receiving hole 48 which is of a first constant diameter,where the receiving hole extends within the sensor head 30 to apredetermined depth. At the predetermined depth, the hole diameterexpands to a second constant diameter 50 for a further depth in thesensor head. At the bottom of hole 48 is receptacle 52 which isspecially configured to receive and engage a connector which is furtherconfigured to electrically connect with the interchangeable sensors wheninserted in sensor port 34.

Sensor head 30 also includes an atmospheric pathway 53 whichinterconnects the bottom portion of each of the sensor ports. In thepreferred configuration, each of the sensor ports 34 located around theouter perimeter of the sensor head 30 include an atmospheric pathwaywhich provides an interconnection to the sensor port 34 in the centerposition of the sensor head. This atmospheric pathway between eachsensor port reduces back pressure which may be created upon insertion ofan interchangeable sensor head component in sensor head 30.

Disclosed in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are various views of the interchangeablesensor head component 32 which includes plug 60. As is shown in FIG. 3a, plug 60 is substantially cylindrical in shape and includes removallip 62, which extends around the circumference of the plug, as well asgrooves 64 and 66 within which a radially compressive sealing device maybe positioned. The embodiment of the interchangeable sensor componentshown in FIG. 3 a is a sensor 33, which is substantially cylindrical inshape and is sized to be positioned in plug 60. The sensor 33 maycomprise any number of different types of water quality sensors whichare employable in monitoring any number of parameters. These parametersmay include conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reductionpotential (ORP), as well as detection of trace elements such asnitrates, chlorides, and ammonium. Portions of the internalconfiguration and operation of these interchangeable sensors will bediscussed in greater detail below. It should be noted that sensors suchas those which are employed to measure pressure, turbidity, andtemperature, may have a different configuration than a typicalinterchangeable sensor, and thus the sensor head 30 includes other portsto specially receive such a sensors.

Shown in FIG. 3 b, is an exploded partial view of the sensor headcomponent 32 including sensor plug 60. As is seen, the interchangeablesensor head component 32 includes a number of electrical leads 75 whichare connectable to a number of electronic components including EEPROM37. As will be discussed below, the EEPROM 37 is employable for storingand providing access to identification and other information about thesensor head component. The EEPROM 37 and electrical leads arepositionable within plug 60. The electrical connector 74 may include anumber of male electrical electrode 76 and a female electrodes 77 whichprovide for a plug-in engagement of the component with matching male andfemale electrodes within a port of the sensor head. Radially compressivesealing device 72 is positionable around a portion of the connector 74and is insertable within cavity 76 so as to provide an environmentalseal for the electrical connections.

As was mentioned above, the plug 60 includes grooves 64 and 66. Thesegrooves are specially configured to receive radially compressive sealingdevices such as the O-rings 68 and 70 shown in FIG. 3 b. The purpose ofthe O-rings is to provide for a secure environmentally sealed engagementof the interchangeable sensor head device in the sensor head 30.According to the present invention, the use of threaded engagements forthe interchangeable sensor head components has been avoided, as well asall of the necessary manufacturing and space considerations which gowith threaded configurations.

In order to engage and disengage an interchangeable sensor headcomponents in one of the ports 34 in the sensor head 30, the plugportion of the interchangeable sensor is initially aligned with aselected port 34 such that the male and female electrodes of both thesensor plug and port are aligned. Once this is complete, the cylindricalportion of the sensor plug 60 is inserted in the selected port 34 suchthat both O-rings, 68 and 70, of the plug 60 pass into the hole of thefirst constant diameter 48. As the plug 60 is pushed further into port34, the male and female electrodes, 76 and 77 of the plug 60 will engagewith those extending into the sensor head and the bottom portion of theplug 60, will contact the bottom of the receptacle. Upon full insertion,the O-ring 70 positionable in the O-ring groove 66, will pass into thehole of the second diameter 50 and expand to fill the gap providing anenvironmental seal and creating a force for resisting ejection orremoval forces on the sensor along its longitudinal axis. When fullyplugged in, the second O-ring 68 will remain in the hole of the firstconstant diameter 48 and also act as an environmental seal.

Upon insertion of the sensor plug 60 in port 34, the atmosphere pathway53 allows gases which would otherwise be trapped in the sensor port topass out of other ports which do not currently have a sensor pluginserted therein. The atmospheric pathways incorporated throughout thesensor head further provide that in the situation where the finalinterchangeable sensor is inserted when the other ports are filled, thatthe pressure built up caused by such insertion is shared by all of theinterconnected sensor ports. The interchangeable sensor head componentsmay be removed by applying an opposing linear force, using removal lip62, of sufficient magnitude to compress the O-ring 70 into the firstconstant diameter hole 48, and applying the force until theinterchangeable sensor is removed.

As was mentioned above, the sensor head components may comprise variousdevices such as interchangeable sensors or accessories. Theinterchangeable sensors typically are configured to monitor one or moreparameters and the physical component for monitoring the parameter areenclosable within housing 33. The interchangeable sensors typicallycomprise one of two types. The first type of sensor employed in themonitoring tool is a passive sensor. Passive sensors do not requireexternal power and typically only require an electrical circuitconnectable across the sensing element. Different types of passivesensors include temperature sensors and chemical detection sensorsemploying ion selective electrodes (ISE).

A second type of interchangeable sensor is an active sensor whichrequires external power source in order to perform its monitoringfunctions. Typically, an active sensor will include at least twoadditional electrical leads to conduct power to the sensor electronics.Examples of active sensors employable in the monitoring tool arepressure, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity sensors.

According to the invention described herein, each sensor (either passiveor active) may be further configured to monitor multiple parameters. Assuch, each probe may be configured with multiple passive and/or activesensing elements. Electrical connections to the probe may be configuredsuch that unique signals generated by the different sensing elements maybe identified and read by the tool assembly electronics.

As was mentioned above, one type of interchangeable sensor which isemployable with the multi-parameter monitoring tool is a conductivitysensor. Shown in FIGS. 4 a and b is one configuration of a conductivitysensor 80 which is employable for monitoring the amount of contaminantsor other foreign substances which may be contained in the water. In theconfiguration shown, the conductivity sensor 80 includes two slantedsurfaces 82 and 84 incorporated into the cylindrical body. Electrodesemployed in measuring conductively are positionable on the slantedsurface. The use of the slanted surfaces provides the distinct advantagethat as the multi-parameter monitoring tool assembly is placed in theliquid to be monitored, in typical vertical positioning, air bubbleswill not form on one or more of the electrodes interfering with thetaking of accurate readings.

Another configuration of a conductivity probe is disclosed in FIGS. 5a–c. The probe 90 in this configuration includes an internal channel 92with at least two opposing surfaces 93 and 95. Positionable on each ofthe opposing surfaces are the electrodes employed by the system inmonitoring the conductivity of the water. Shown in FIG. 5 b is across-sectional view of the probe, which shows in particular opposingsurface 93 with electrodes 96 and 98 positioned thereon. Positionedopposite electrodes 96 and 98 on surface 95 is another set of electrodes(not shown). Also passing through the body of probe 90 are vent holes94. These vent holes are employable such that when the conductivityprobe is submerged in water (and positioned vertically) any air bubbleswhich may have been trapped in channel 92 will pass out hole 94 and willnot interfere with any conductivity measurements.

As was mentioned above, sensor head components may also be configured asvarious types of accessories. These accessories may include one or moremechanical or electro mechanical components configured for performing aparticular task. Accessories, as with the sensors, are installable inplug 60. The body portion which extends upwards from the plug portionwould include the necessary electro-mechanical components for performinga designated task.

Disclosed in FIG. 6 a-c are some possible configurations foraccessories. Although the applicant shows only three possibleconfigurations, any number of electrical or electro-mechanical devicesmay be employable as an accessory. Disclosed in FIG. 6 a is an accessorywhich is employable with an interchangeable sensor that has an externalwindow which may periodically require cleaning. One example is aturbidity sensor. The accessory 400 shown in FIG. 6 a includes amechanical arm 404 which extends from the body 402. On the end of themechanical arm is a wiper device 406. When installed in the sensor head,the mechanical arm 404 provides for extending the wiper portion over tothe window on the interchangeable sensor and moving in a fashion so asto clear any obstructions, such as algae or other substances, disposedon the window of the sensor. Once the cleaning portion is finished thewiper portion moves away and is locked in position until it is againactivated.

Disclosed in FIG. 6 b is an accessory 410 configured as a stirringdevice. Contained with the body portion 412 may be an electrical motorand extending from the motor outside the body may be a drive shaft 414upon which stirring component 416 may be mounted. Upon activation, theelectrical motor will spin the stirring component for a period time.

Disclosed in FIG. 6 c is a shutter device which can be used either aloneor in combination with the wiper device. Included in the shutter deviceis a mechanical arm 424 which extends from the body 422 of the sensorhead component. Connected at the end of said arm is a shutter 426 whichincludes a portion which reflects light at a known wavelength. When thearm is activated, the shutter device can be positioned in front of thewindow of the sensor and since the visible portion reflects light at aknown wave length it is employable to calibrate the sensing portion ofthe turbidity sensor. Once the calibration process is complete, themechanical arm is employed to move the shutter away from the sensor andlock in place until a recalibration is requested. In one configurationof the accessory the wiper and shutter may be combinable in a singleaccessory.

Referring again to FIG. 1 b, and FIG. 2 a, it was noted that the sensorhead 30 includes a threaded portion 42 for engaging a number ofdifferent tool assembly component. In FIG. 1 b, it was shown that thesensor head 30 may engage the restrictor device 14. The restrictordevice 14 is ideal for exposing the water source to be monitored to thesensors, but still providing physical protection for these components.Two other components which are attachable to sensor head 30 aredisclosed in FIG. 7 a and b. Disclosed in FIG. 7 a is a calibration cup600 which is configured to threadably engage threads 42 of the sensorhead so as to provide a environmental seal. The calibration cup isconfigured such that a calibrating solution 602 may be poured into thecup and then the cup attached to the sensor head such that each of thesensors may be exposed to the calibration solution. Once the calibrationcup is attached to the tool assembly it may be reoriented in a differentposition so that one or more of the sensors 604 may be submerged andthen exposed to atmosphere trapped within the calibration cup.

Disclosed in FIG. 7 b is a configuration of the tool assembly wherein aflow cell 610 is attached to the sensor head 30. The purpose of a flowcell 610 is to provide a means to expose the sensors in a tool assemblyto a remotely located liquid source. Included as part of the flow cellis an inlet line 612 and an outlet line 614. The inlet and outlet areconnected to one or more remote reservoirs or sources of the liquid tobe monitored. The size of the input and output lines are known so thatthe rate of fluid passing through the flow cell is calculable

In yet another configuration of the invention, the tool assembly may befurther configured to provide a greater amount of monitoring byemploying a second sensor head. According to the configuration shown inFIG. 8 a, a second sensor head 37 may be positioned within restrictor 14or other enclosure device, opposite the first sensor head 30. As withsensor head 30, sensor head 37 includes a plurality of ports (not shown)which are substantially similar to those in sensor head 30 and areconfigured to receive and electrically engage one or more of theinterchangeable sensor head components. A ribbon cable 39 may providefor the electrical interconnection between the sensor head and theelectronics enclosed in housing 12.

Disclosed in FIG. 8 b is yet another configuration of the tool assemblywherein a stirring device 630 is positionable proximate to the pluralityto sensor head components positionable in the first sensor head. Thestirring device 630 may be connectable to the restrictor or any otherenclosure device described above. An electrical connection may or maynot be established between the stirring device 630 and the electronicscontained within the tool assembly. The stirring device may comprise anelectric motor with a drive shaft and propeller device which moves theliquid in a desired fashion. In another configuration of the invention,the stirring device may comprise a magnetic stirrer wherein a spinningmagnet provides for the desired movement of the liquid.

Disclosed in FIG. 9 is a cutaway view of the multi-parameter monitoringtool 10, showing in particular the internal electrical components.Included therein are two circuit boards 100 and 104 which provide forthe signal processing of the tool assembly. Circuit board 104 is mountedat the end of the sensor block 30 opposite the ports 34. The circuitboard 104 is in electrical connection with a main circuit board 100which in turn is connected via contact 108 to ribbon cable 112. Thiscable, in turn, extends to the far end of the assembly. Also shown arebattery contact spring 144, as well as battery stop 113.

The housing 12 may comprise any number of layers. In the configurationshown herein, an inner and outer housing are included. The outer housing13, as shown in FIG. 10, may be manufactured of any number of differentmaterials such as stainless steel or plastic. The outer housing 13 isconfigured as a cylinder without inner or outer engagement threads sothat it would require a minimum amount of machining to manufacture. Inorder to engage with other components of the tool assembly, the innerdiameter of the housing 13 is machined at a close tolerance. Alsoincluded a pre-determined distance from the opening at one end of theouter housing is an internal groove 17 machined at a designated depth.

With regards to assembly of the outer housing with the sensor head 30,it was previously mentioned that the sensor block 30 includes grooves44. The portion of sensor block 30 where the grooves are formed has anouter diameter, which is marginally less than the inner diameter of thehousing 13. Positionable within the grooves 44 may be any number ofradially compressible sealing devices. These devices may includeO-rings, gaskets, or an X-seal. For description purposes only, O-ringswill be described as positionable in the grooves. During assembly of thetool, the bottom end of the sensor block 30, including O-rings, isplaced within the outer housing 12 such that the O-rings are compressedagainst the interior surface of the housing 13. Upon full engagement,the outer housing will contact a stop portion of the sensor block 30.The compressed O-rings provide for an environmental seal as well as amechanical force which resist disassembly of the components. In additionto, or as an alternate environmental seal, a flat compressive gasket maybe positioned between the stop portion of the sensor head and the end ofthe outer housing 13.

Also employed in the assembly process between the outer-housing 13 andthe sensor head 30 is the groove 17 machined into the interior surfaceof the outer housing 13. Referring again to FIG. 10, this groove ispositioned at a pre-determine distance within the outer housing 13, suchthat upon assembly of the sensor head and outer housing, this groovepartially engages one of the O-rings disposed around the sensor head.This partial engagement provides for a condition such that a desiredresistive force is created which resist rotation of the outer housingrelative to the sensor head 30. The additional resistive force providesfor easier assembly and disassembly of components at the opposite end ofthe outer housing. The housing 13 also engages the battery removalbackshell 16 in a substantially similar manner, although without the useof a machined groove. The configuration of the battery removal backshell16 and its engagement with the outer housing will be described ingreater detail below.

The second portion of the housing 12 is inner housing 15 which ispositionable within the outer housing 13. The inner housing may becomprised of a plastic material, although one skilled in the art wouldrealize that this component may be constructed of many different rigidmaterials. Disclosed in FIGS. 11 a and b are side and front views,respectively, of the inner housing 15. Both ends of the inner housing 15include threaded portions for engaging other components. Specifically,female threads 120 configured on the interior surface of the innerhousing 15 are employable for engaging the male threads 46 on sensorblock 30. The male threads 122 disposed on the outer surface of theinner housing 15 are employable to engage female threads on the batteryremovable backshell 16. Also included in the inner housing is a batterystop 124, which extends across the inner diameter of the housing so asto block movement of the batteries relative to the electronics withinthe housing. The inner housing 15 is sized such that its outer diameteris only slightly smaller than the interior diameter of the outer housing13. In order to connect the sensor head 30 to both the inner and outerhousing, the inner housing will first rotatably engage the threadedportion of the sensor head. The outer housing may then be slid over theinner housing and then the outer portion of the sensor head, so as tocompress and engage the seals dispose thereon.

One advantage of the two-piece housing 12 described above is that anynumber of different materials may be employed for both the inner andouter housings. Further, the inner and outer housings are configuredsuch that they are both easily replaceable. For example, in thesituation where a user wishes to switch outer housing materials (such asfrom stainless steel to plastic), all that is required is the removal ofthe battery removal backshell, sliding the outer housing over theengaging seals of the sensor head, removing the outer housing, slidingon a new outer housing, and then replacing the battery removalbackshell.

As was mentioned above, the circuit board 104 and main circuit board 100are connectable in a manner which, for the most part, avoids the use ofexternal wires and wire harnesses which require the use of solderedelectrical connections to circuit boards. Disclosed in FIG. 12 a is ageometric view of the sensor head 30 with circuit board 104 attachedthereto. Shown in particular are female connectors 106 mounted on theexposed side of the circuit board. Connectors 106 comprise a numberplugs, each configured to receive a conductive pin of a matchingelectrical connector mounted in the sensor head.

Disclosed in FIG. 12 b is a view of circuit card 104 showing inparticular the connectors which pass within the sensor head 30. Theelectrical connectors 103 are wired via the circuit card 104 to femaleconnector 106. Also mountable on the circuit card 104 is a temperatureprobe which extends therefrom. In the perspective view shown in FIG. 12b, it is seen that each of the connector plugs 103 includes a number offemale and male electrodes configured to electrically connect withmatching electrical connectors which are included in the sensor headcomponents described above. Disposed around the exterior surface of eachof the plugs 103 is a radially compressive sealing device 107 whichprovides an environmental seal in the sensor ports when these componentsare engaged. Also extending from the circuit board 104 is a temperatureprobe 109 which also is configured to pass within the sensor head 30.Included thereon is another compressible sealing device mountedproximate to a spring.

Disclosed in FIG. 12 c is a perspective exploded view of the sensor head30 and circuit card 104 which shows in particular the manner in whichthe connectors pass within the sensor head 30. Shown on the sensor head30 are ports 52 which are configured to receive the various connectors103. When assembling the sensor head and circuit card 104, each of theconnectors 103 is aligned with a particular port 52 and the connectorpasses within the port 52. The radially compressive sealing device 107which encircle each of the connectors then provides an environmentalseal. Fasteners may then be employed to fixably attach the circuit card104 to the sensor head 30.

As was described above, the circuit board 104 is connectable to a maincircuit card 100. Disclosed in FIG. 13 is a side view of main circuitcard 100. Included on the circuit card 100 are male connectors 102 eachconfigured to electrically engage with the female connectors on circuitboard 106. In order to establish an electrical connection betweencircuit board 104 and main circuit board 100, the pins extending fromelectrical connectors 102 are aligned with the appropriate plugs inconnectors 106. Once the plug-in connection is established, the maincircuit board will cantilever perpendicular from the circuit board 104as well as sensor head 30 in a manner which is enclosable within housing12. The inner diameter of the inner housing 15 is sized such that whenthe main circuit board 100 is extending from circuit board 104, theinterior surface of housing of provides support to the circuit board.

Also included on the main circuit card 100 is barometric pressure sensor115. The mounting of this barometric pressure sensor within the housing12 provides for taking atmospheric pressure readings within thisenclosure and then electrically providing this reading to theelectronics for the tool assembly. As will be described in greaterdetail below, the data quick connect device with associated data lineincludes a fluid path way which provides atmospheric pressure within thehousing 12. Anyone skilled in the art would realize that the barometricpressure sensor 115 may be mounted anywhere within the enclosure so asto provide a local pressure reading.

Also attachable to main circuit card assembly 100 is electricalconnector 114 and data ribbon 112. This combination of componentsprovide for the receipt and transmission of electrical signals to thefar end of the tool assembly. Further, a spring 144 may be connectableto the circuit card so as to provide a grounding contact for thebatteries positionable within the tool assembly.

The tool assembly 10 described herein further includes features forproviding an uninterruptible power connection to the electronics in amanner which allows for the removal and reattachment of the data quickconnect cable 20. Disclosed in FIG. 14 a is an exploded view of theremovable backshell 16. Included in the backshell are female threads 126which are configured to engage the male threads on the inner housing 15when the tool assembly is assembled. Grooves 127 are configured toreceive radially compressive sealing devices so as to engage the outerhousing 13 upon assembly of the tool. As with the engagement between thesensor head and the outer housing, engagement occurs by sliding theouter housing over this portion of the backshell until the stop portionis contacted. Also included as part of the battery removable backshellis insert 120, which compressively fits within the cover and providesfor the positioning of electrode assembly 122. Passage 123 through theinsert 120 is configured to include a set of female threads 125 whichare sized to engage with data quick-connect device 18. In connectionwith electrode assembly 122 is the data ribbon 112, which runs to themain circuit board along the length of the interior of the toolassembly.

Passage 123 is also sized to receive insulative layer 129, within whichmultiple connector unit 124 is configured. A front view of connectorunit 124 is shown in FIG. 14 b. The multiple connector unit 124 iscomprised of an elastomeric material upon which conductive traces aredisposed. The multiple connector unit is described in detail in U.S.Pat. No. 6,305,944 which is hereby incorporated, in its entirety, byreference. The opposite side of electrode assembly 122 is show in FIG.14 c. Included therein is electrode 128 for providing an electricalcontact to the batteries. Power from the batteries is also delivered tothe tool assembly electronics through connector ribbon 112.

The final mechanical portion of the multi-parameter monitoring toolassembly 10 is the quick-connect device 18 and associated data line 20.Disclosed in FIG. 15 a is a geometric view of the quick-connect device.Included therein is a threaded portion 130 which is specially configuredto engage the threaded portion 125 in the removable backshell. Extendingtherefrom is data line 20 which can be of any known construction andinclude enough conductive lines which provide for the transmission andreceipt of necessary data (and power) signals. The data line 20 isfurther configured to include a fluid pathway which provides atmosphericpressure to the interior of the housing when the quick connect device isconnected to the backshell. The quick-connect device is removable fromthe assembly through disengagement of the threaded portion 130 from theremovable backshell. As can be seen from reviewing the structure of theremovable backshell, the backshell itself would remain engaged thuscontinuing to apply the necessary pressure through electrode 128 so asto maintain a power connection for the monitoring tool assemblyelectronics over data ribbon 112.

In order to provide for the proper alignment of the different conductivelines within data line 20, the quick-connect device includes a printedcircuit board 135 substantially as shown in FIG. 15 b. This printedcircuit board is specially configured for establishing individualelectrical connections through conductors 136 with the multipleconnector unit 124 through application of a compressive force generatedthrough engagement of the threaded portions. The manner in which thisconnection is established is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,305,944 which,as was mentioned above, is incorporated in its entirety by reference.

With regards to the electrical system portion of the tool assembly,disclosed in FIG. 16 is an electrical system diagram for themulti-parameter tool assembly which, as will be described in greaterdetail below, is connectable to any number of different types ofcommunications networks. The electronic system may be broken down intotwo major components: the analog card 154 and the main card 150.Included on the main card 150 is a microprocessor 178, which providesfor the internal routing of electrical signals and the execution ofvarious programming included in the firmware stored in memory. Inconnection with the microprocessor 150 is a communications transceiver152. The transceiver performs a conversion between communication formatsfor signals transmitted from the tool assembly over the communicationsnetwork. The transceiver also provides for format conversion of signalsreceived over the communications network.

Also in connection with the microprocessor 178 are the program flashmemory 156 and the serial flash memory 158. Program flash memory 156 isemployed to store the version of firmware which the tool assemblyemploys for its operation. Incorporated in the firmware are a number ofprocesses which the tool assembly employs in various aspects of itsoperation. The serial flash memory 156 is employed to download firmwareupgrades as well as store data accumulated in tests performed by thetool assembly. Included in the main circuit board is signalconditioning/multiplexer 168. This components acts as the interface forreceiving signals from one or more remote sources. These remote sourcesinclude the analog circuit board 154 as well as other sensor inputs 170,such as from a turbidity sensor. Another input may be signal reference172.

Connecting the analog circuit board to the main circuit board isconnector 166. As was described above, this connector 66 may comprise amale and female multi-pin connectors mounted on the circuit cards.Included within the analog board 154 may be multiplexer 164 employablefor selectively activating each sensor head component as well as signalbuffers 162. The signal buffers are connectable to each of the sensorports via connectors 160.

One electrical connection establishable between the analog circuit boardand each sensor head component interconnected with sensor head is acircuit which is activated, in that it is employed for monitoring aparticular condition wherein a signal is naturally generated betweenelectrodes in the circuit, and the magnitude of the signal is measuredto identify one or more conditions. An issue which exist with regards tothe employment of unactivated circuits in the tool assembly, is thatbecause of the common circuitry employed for the different types ofsensors, certain stray current may be created in these unactivatedcircuit which affect the accuracy of one or more of the measurements.One solution to substantially eliminating these stray currents is theuse of the high impedance buffers 162 which are positionable in each ofthe circuits.

Disclosed in FIGS. 17 a and b are two separate configurations of thebuffer, one which is employable with ports which interconnect with bothactive and passive sensors and the other which employable with portsthat only connect with passive sensors. Disclosed in FIG. 17 a is anactive sensor buffer 180 which includes an op amp 184. The op amp isalways powered to provide an always active high impedance input. The opamp is further micro powered so as to maximize battery life. Capacitor186 is included in the buffer to prevent current drive into unpoweredcircuitry. The resistor 188 provides DC bias for downstream circuitry.The values of resistance and capacitance for these elements may bechosen such that there is minimal attenuation of the signal beingmeasured.

Disclosed in FIG. 17 b is the configuration for the passive sensorbuffer 182. As with the active sensor buffer, an always powered OP amp184 is employed, which provides the active high impedance input. Theresistor 190 at the output of the op amp is of the large ohm variety andminimizes the current drive into the unpowered circuitry. This highimpedance input virtually eliminates leakage current through the sensor,which may affect sensor performance.

According to the various embodiments of the invention described herein,the connectors 160 may comprise anything from two wire connections to amultiple wire ribbon cable. As was discussed above, in a typicalconfiguration, each of the typical sensor ports comprises electrodes toestablish a six wire connection. Each connector employed with aninterchangeable sensor also includes electrodes for establishing a sixwire connection. In certain situations such as with a temperature,pressure, or turbidity sensor, more or less electrical connections arerequired. For example, a temperature sensor may be a simple two wireconnection, and may be positionable on the sensor head 30 such that itdoes not employ any of the sensor ports for the interchangeable sensors.Returning again to FIG. 1 b, it is seen that temperature sensor 33 whichextends from sensor head 30 is positionable proximate to theinterchangeable sensors but without employing a sensor port.

The sensor connections 160 may further comprise four wire or a six wireconnectors configured for receiving and connecting with theinterchangeable sensor head components. Most of the interchangeablesensor head components are configured to operate either over a four wireor six wire connection. More specifically, active sensors typicallyrequire a six wire connection (1 pair powering the sensor, 1 pair forthe sensing element, and 1 pair to the EEPROM). Passive sensorstypically only require 4 wire connection (1 pair for the non-activatedsensing circuit, and 1 pair to the EEPROM). Accessories would typicallyrequire a powered pair to the motor portion and a pair to the EEPROM.The use of the EEPROM in systems operation will be described in greaterdetail below.

In one configuration of the invention, all of the ports may beconfigured with at least a four wire connection, however in certainsituations, certain ports may be wired with six wires. If that is thecase, the system described herein is further configured with detectionsoftware that detects when an active interchangeable sensor is used in apassive configured port. This detection process will be described ingreater detail below.

In yet another configuration, the electronic connections 160 mayestablished through use of a multi-wire ribbon which is connectable fromthe sensor to the analog circuit board through the port. In thissituation a specially configured port may be employed. For example, apressure sensor may require at least a ten wire connection in order tooperate. In such a situation, the sensor plug may be speciallyconfigured such that the pressure sensor is not removable and a morepermanent set of connections is established.

In operation, the program flash memory 156 has stored thereonprogramming for tests or operations which are to be performed by variouscomponents of the tool assembly. This includes individual tests for eachparameter to be monitored. As a first step in the operation, adetermination may be made as to what type of sensor head component isconnected in each port. Once the current configuration of a sensor headis established, the micro processor 178, using the programming providedin memory, initiates and performs the particular function, whether it bea test procedure for a sensor or performance of a function by anaccessory. As will be described in greater detailed below, testinginformation may be periodically provided back to a central location.Amendments to the tests and changes in schedule may be periodicallyreceived from the central location and these changes are implemented bythe micro processor per the received instructions.

The first function performed in particular with regards to the insertionof interchangeable sensors in a sensor head components head 30 is adetermination as to whether the plug into which the interchangeablesensor has been inserted is compatible with the particular type ofsensor. For example, sensor head components which require an activeconnection would not be employable in a passive wired plug. Theelectronics of the tool assembly includes programming which extractsdata stored in the EEPROM for each interchangeable sensor head componentupon insertion in a port. This data includes identification informationfor the particular component. For sensors in particular, calibrationinformation can also be retrieved from EEPROM, which is then employableby the system in processing signal measurements. The advantage ofincluding the calibration coefficient in the memory for the sensor isthat the sensor does not then need to be field calibrated. Morespecifically, the particular sensor is employable with many differenttool assemblies without the need to ever calibrate the sensor for thetool. Other information which may be stored in the EEPROM for the sensorhead components includes manufacture date, calibration date, operationalrange, serial number, hardware revision, actual sensor serial number,actual sensor model number, and production technician ID code may bestored thereon. All of this information is extractable from the EEPROMand may be stored in flash memory for the tool assembly.

Continuing on with the sensor identification process, the tool assemblyis preprogrammed to determine that certain sensors such as conductivityand dissolved oxygen require a an active drive connection andmeasurement, while other sensors such as ISE sensors only require apassive measurement connection. After a particular sensor is installedin a port, the processor for the tool assembly will determine whether asignal is being received over all the designated circuits for that typeof sensor. If all signals are not detected, a determination is made thatthe particular sensor has been improperly installed and an error messageis generated which may be included in a reply message to be transmittedback to the central location.

Once the configuration is set, the tool assembly described herein may beprogrammed to perform tests and initiate functions in response tosignals received from a remote location or according to a pre-programschedule. Depending on the type and frequency of measurements to betaken, test programs can be established which provide for any number oftest schedule scenarios. These scenarios may include taking readingssimultaneously and taking readings in a sequential fashion. Theadvantage of the latter method is that a sequential method of takingmeasurements provides for the maximum conservation of power. Even whenusing a sequential measurement schedule, the frequency of certainmeasurements may be increase or decrease depending on the desired numberof measurements.

In performing a monitoring process, typical steps include making aninstantaneous measurement of signal strength across a particularcircuit, and then using the calibration coefficients extracted from theEEPROM of the sensor in order to generate an accurate reading. Thisinformation may then be stored in memory and employed at a future time.Other measurements may require additional steps be performed in order totake a measurement. One of those measurements is the detection ofdissolved oxygen. Provided in FIG. 18 is a flow chart which describes indetail the steps performed by the system described herein when takingdissolved oxygen readings. To begin, once the system detects that adissolved oxygen sensor has been inserted in the sensor head, accordingto the programming provided for performing test, a dissolved oxygenreading is made part of the test schedule. As part of the initialcommunication with the dissolved oxygen sensor where identification andcalibration information are extracted from the sensor EEPROM, acorrection value may be included as part of this information.

To begin the monitoring process for dissolved oxygen, initially a pulseis transmitted over the powered circuit for the sensor over a firstpredetermined period of time. After waiting a second predeterminedperiod of time, a reading is taken across the activated circuit in thesensor. Once the reading is taken, the circuit is deactivated and thecorrection value is retrieved from memory and then used to correct themeasured value so as to provide an accurate dissolved oxygen reading.This correction value may be directly related to time periods employedin the test schedule, such as the time between when a pulse is initiatedand when the measurement is taken, as well as the total time between theend of the last pulse and the initiation of a new pulse. As is wellknown, a typical dissolved oxygen sensors require that a certain amountof time pass between the initiation of the pulse and a measurement sothat the volume in which the measurement is taken stabilizes. In orderto save energy and time, the system described herein employs thecorrection value to account for the manner in which the dissolved oxygenreading stabilizes over time.

Once the dissolved oxygen reading is taken, the corrected value that maythen be digitized and stored in memory for future access. The system maybe set up such that each subsequent reading overwrites the previousreading in memory. The system may be configured such that upon requestof a dissolved oxygen value, the last stored value is provided.

As was discussed above, the communications transceiver 152 is employablewith a multi-parameter sensor assembly described herein in order tocommunicate with one or more remotely located devices. As such, the toolassembly is employable in various communications networks. Disclosed inFIGS. 19 a–d are system diagrams for various configurations ofcommunications networks within which one or more of the tool assembliesmay communicate with a remotely located central controller. According tothe invention described herein, a central controller may comprise acomputer workstation which has software installed thereon speciallyconfigured for communicating with the multi-parameter tool assembliesdescribed herein. The workstation also includes a connection to acommunications network as well as means for communicating over same.

The central controller may also comprise various devices such as a palmtop computer locatable near one or more the tool assemblies but able tocommunicate to a number of the tool assemblies over the communicationsnetwork. The central controller may also comprise a specially configuredwell top device configured to communicate with the tool assemblieslocated at the particular well where the well top device is located, aswell as other tool assemblies interconnected through the communicationsnetwork. In yet another configuration of the invention, one or more ofthe tool assemblies may be configured to directly communicate with oneor more other tool assemblies in the communications network. A systemuser may also alter operations of a particular accessory connected to atool assembly. Through the same dialog boxes employed for viewing andamending parameters, the current configuration of the attachedaccessories may be presented and a schedule for performing variousfunctions. Through the dialog boxes presented on the screen display, theschedule changes may be implemented for a particular accessories andthen this information transmitted over the communications network to theidentified tool assembly. This information is then stored in memorywithin the particular tool assembly.

In the simplest configuration shown in FIG. 19 a, the use of acommunications network may not be required. A direct connection isestablished between the communications transceiver in the monitoringtool with the central controller. The connection in this situation maysimply be a data line with sufficient bandwidth in order to handle thesetypes of communications. In situations where the line is employed toprovide power to the tool, a power line running from a power source maybe incorporated therein.

Disclosed in FIG. 19 b is a configuration of a communications network inwhich the public switch telephone network (PSTN) 204 is employed as themedium for communications. In order to employ the PSTN, the centralcontroller 198 is equipped with, or is in connection with, a modem 202.The modem is employed to establish a telephonic connection from thecentral controller over the PSTN 204. At a remote location, themodem/controller 206 is employed to establish a connection with the PSTN204. The modem/controller 206 is in communication with the tool assembly10. Functionality is also included in the modem/controller 206 toestablish telephonic connections over the PSTN 204. The communicationsline may comprise a hard telephone line, or the modem/controller maycomprise a cellular telephone device, which is employable to establish atelephonic connection over the PSTN via a wireless connection.

The modem/controller 206 may also comprise any number of devices such asa palm top computer such as a pocket PC or a palm pilot which includes amodem, a well top device or another tool assembly. Any of thecontrollers described above may be further configured to provideemulation of functionality for allowing one or more tool assemblieswhich employ a certain set of standards to communicate with a networkwhich employs a different set of standards. Programming included in thecontrollers would allow the device to make the necessary conversions sothat the different devices can communicate.

Disclosed in FIG. 19 c is yet another configuration of thecommunications network wherein radio transceivers are employed toprovide for the exchange of signals between the central controller 198and any remotely located tool assemblies. In this configuration, a radiotransceiver 213 is in electrical connection with central controller 198and is configured such that data signals received from the centralcontroller are converted to electromagnetic signals, which aretransmitted via antenna 210. At the remotely located site, antenna 212is in turn connected to radio transceiver/controller 214. A connectionis then established from the transceiver/controller 214 to assembly 10.

Disclosed in FIG. 19 d is yet another configuration for thecommunications network. In this configuration, a communications networksuch as the Internet or a local area network (LAN) 218 may be employedas the medium to establish a line of communication. In one configurationof the invention, the central controller 198 may establish a telephonicconnection with an Internet service provider 216 through whichconnections may be established over the Internet to the modem/controller220 either through ISP 216 or directly to modem/controller 220 if it isemployed as a node on the communications network. The modem controller220 would also provide for the transmission of data signals back tocentral controller 198 over the Internet 218. One skilled in the artwould realize that although only four configurations for acommunications network are disclosed herein, any number of differentconfigurations may be employable for establishing a line ofcommunication between a central controller and one or more toolassemblies connecting to the communications network.

As was mentioned above, a central controller may communicate with aplurality of multi-parameter tool assemblies over any of thecommunications networks. Disclosed in FIG. 20 is a system diagramshowing a plurality of tool assemblies connected in a networked fashion.In order to establish a connection between tool assemblies and aremotely located controller, a plurality of network junction boxes 232may be employed. These network junction boxes are configured to carrydata and power signals to and from the tool assemblies connected in thenetwork. Modem controller 230 provides for establishing thecommunication with a remotely located controller over any of thecommunications networks described above.

As part of the monitoring system described herein, the centralcontroller 198 is specially configured to perform various functions withregards to communicating with the one or more tool assemblies connectedin a network configuration. In one configuration of the invention, thecentral controller 198 may be a personal computer, palm top computerwell top device, tool assembly, or other computing device upon which amonitoring system has been installed

Disclosed in FIG. 21 is a system diagram, which shows in particular themonitoring system configuration for the central controller 198. Includedin the central controller 198 is processor 450, which provides forinternal routing of signals and execution of various processing modules.In electrical connection with the processor is communications interface452 which provides for the processing of signals, which are received andtransmitted from the central controller. The interface includes thenecessary protocols for communicating over the different communicationsnetworks described above.

Also in connection with processor 450 is random access memory (RAM) 454,within which a number of the processing modules are loaded forperforming the various functions of the monitoring system. The variousprocessing modules may be initiated either automatically or through thereceipt of various user inputs received from user interface 467. In oneconfiguration of the invention, the user interface 467 may comprise acomputer monitor, keyboard and mouse, or a pocket PC touch screen.

Returning again to the processing modules in RAM 454, included thereinis communications module 456 which is employed to identify toolassemblies connected to the network as well the generation andtransmission of messages and data over the communications network, aparameters modules 458 which is employed to display or change variousparameter settings the tool assemblies and sensors employed whenperforming tests, tests module 460 which is employed to load automatedtests schedules on to the tool assemblies, manually initiate testprograms and to extract test data generated by the sensors from selectedtool assemblies, and finally a display/output module 464 which isemployed to display various screen displays through the user interfacesuch that various user commands may be received and processed.

Also included in the central controller 198 are a number of databaseswhich are employed to store information either generated by componentsin the communications network or used in operations of the monitoringsystem. Specifically, database 466 is used to store screen displayswhich are presented on the user interface such that system users mayview system data and/or initiate various system functions. In oneconfiguration of the invention, the monitoring system described hereinmaybe configured such that it operates in a Windows type environment andincludes a number of pull-down menus and directory tree type structurefor organizing information. For example, the communications networkinformation may be organized in a screen display such that each COM portfor the computer may be presented with its own node in a tree typedirectory structure. Beneath each of the COM port nodes may be a listingof the tool assemblies which communicate with the monitoring systemthrough that particular node. Further, below each tool assembly node inthe directory tree structure may be additional nodes which includeitemized information for the sensor head components interconnected tothe sensor head including parameters to be monitored or functions to beperformed.

Associated with each node in the directory structure may be a screendisplay which presents information about the particular selection thathas been made. With use of these display tools, the system user may movebetween screen displays to view information or initiate variousfunctions which will be described in greater detail below. Also includedin the central controller 198 is a tests results database 468. Thisdatabase is employed to store and organize information which has beencollected or extracted from the various tool assemblies.

As was described in great detail above, the tool assemblies describedherein are configured to be positionable at locations remote from thecentral controller and to perform various tests and functions accordingto programming received from the central controller. As an example, thetool assemblies may comprise a surface monitoring multi-parametermonitoring tool assembly which is connectable to the communicationsnetwork. The down well tool assemblies and/or surface monitoring toolassemblies include the functionality to take readings for the variousparameters at designated times, store this data in a local memory andthen provide this data when requested by the central controller.

In operation, the monitoring system employed for communicating with thevarious tool assemblies is initially installed on the centralcontroller. Once operational, a first step to be performed is toidentify the tool assemblies, including sensor head components installedin the sensor head, which are connected to the network. Disclosed inFIG. 22 is a flow chart which describes the steps performed by thecommunications processing module in identifying which tool assembliesare connected to the communications network. As an initial step aselection may be by a system user as to which communications node willbe analyzed. Once this selection is made, a general identificationmessage is generated and transmitted over the communications networksuch that each tool assembly connected to that particular node willreceive the message. In one configuration of the invention,communication between components is established through use of a messagebased system. The message to be transmitted is comprised of data packetswherein the message includes a address header which identifies themessage destination. The communications network employed herein is“open” in that each of the components connected to the network receivesall of the transmissions, but only processes those message that areeither addressed specifically or are addressed generally.

Returning again to the flow chart of FIG. 22, each tool assembly whichreceives the message, will generate a reply message, which the centralcontroller in turn will wait to receive. As each reply message isreceived at the central controller, the information provided by thereplying tool assembly is logged in memory and may be presented on ascreen display in the tree type directory structure. The replyinformation includes identification information for each tool assemblyas well as the figuration information for the sensors currentlyinterconnected in the sensor head. This configuration informationincludes the identification and collaboration information stored in theEEPROM in each of the installed sensor head components. A listing forthe probe, including current sensor configuration, is also added to thedirectory for the corn port being employed.

If multiple tool assemblies are connected to the communications network,it is possible that two or more tool assemblies may transmit a replymessage at the same time, thus creating the situation where only one ornone of the reply messages is received by the central controller. Assuch, the central controller has been configured such that each of thetool assemblies may have multiple opportunities to reply if a particularmessage is not received by the central controller. Returning again toFIG. 22, when the central controller receives reply messages, itcontinually updates a list of tool assemblies connected to thecommunications network which have responded to the message. After thereceipt and processing of each reply message, a new general message isgenerated and transmitted requesting that all tool assemblies on thenetwork identify themselves. Additional instructions are included in thenew general message which directs the tool assemblies which have alreadyresponded, not to respond further.

Upon transmission of the new general message, the central controllerwill wait a selected time period in order to receive a reply. If noreply is received after the time period has elapsed, the centralcontroller will retransmit the message. The central controller willagain wait a period of time in order to receive a reply message. If noreply message is received after set number retries of the generalmessage the process will end and the tool identification process will becomplete.

The above-described information is displayable for all tool assemblieswhich provide a reply message. In the situations where connections arebeing established from more than one central controller, informationgathered during one connect session may be saved in a file and employedby other central controllers.

Once all of the tool assemblies on a particular COM port are identified,the monitoring system may be employed to transmit messages to one ormore of these components. As was described above, each of the each ofthe tool assemblies runs on a energy conservation mode, or “sleep” whennot communicating with the central controller or performing tests. Onefeature which has been incorporated into the system to further conserveenergy is a selective activation process for selectively activating oneor more tool assemblies when desired, without activating all the toolassemblies connected to a node. Messages which are generated by thecentral controller and transmitted to the individual tool assemblies arein the form of a data packets, which include an identifying byte in theheader of the message. Included with the information stored about eachof the tool assemblies stored in the central controller, is an multi-bitaddress header, which the central controller may employ whentransmitting messages to particular tool assemblies. A general headermay also be used in outgoing message to which all the tool assemblieswill reply.

Disclosed in FIG. 23 is a flowchart which describes the steps performedby each of the tool assemblies which receive the messages. As wasdescribed above, each of the tool assemblies operates in a sleep modewherein the tool assembly is turned off for the most part and is onlyoperational to the extent that it monitors messages transmitted over thecommunications network. When the tool is in the “sleep” mode, itcontinually monitors the network for signals received and only activateswhen a message is detected which is addressed to the particular toolassembly or has a general message header.

Returning again to the flowchart in FIG. 23, during the sleep mode, atool assembly will detect the receipt of an incoming message and performthe limited function of determining whether the message header includesthe address for that particular tool assembly. Once the header is read,a query is made as to whether the message is a general message to whichall tool assemblies connected to the communications network mustrespond. If this is so, the tool assembly is activated and the messageis received and processed. If this is not a general wake-up message, thetool assembly makes a determination as to whether the message isaddressed to that particular tool assembly. If the multi-bit messageaddress matches the address for the particular tool assembly, itactivates and begins processing the received message. If the multi-bitmessage address does not match the address for the particular toolassembly, the assembly stays in the sleep mode and continues monitoringincoming messages received over the communications network.

Also related to the selected activation of tool assemblies, is anotherfeature incorporated into the system which provides a level of certaintythat when messages are generated and transmitted over the communicationsnetwork, replies are indeed received from all the tool assemblies whichhave been addressed. As was described above, one draw back of having anopen communications network such as that described herein, is that whenthe central controller sends out a general message in which all the toolassemblies are to reply, the possibility exists that all of the toolassemblies will reply at the same time thus interfering with each other.According to the invention described herein, the tool assemblies areconfigured to provide some certainty that all reply messages from thetool assemblies are received by the central controller.

Returning again to the flowchart disclosed in FIG. 23, once an incomingmessage is determined to be a general message or addressed to that toolassembly, the tool assembly will activate, receive and process themessage. After the processing is performed, the tool assembly willgenerate a reply message to be sent back to the central controller. Atthis point, the tool assembly will first monitor the communicationsnetwork to determine if any of the other tool assemblies are currentlyreplying. This monitoring step is performed so that two or more toolassemblies will not reply at the same time. If a determination is madethat another tool assembly is currently replying, the replying toolassembly waits a period of time then check the network again todetermine if any other tool assemblies are replying. If no other replymessages are detected, the tool assembly will transmit its reply to thecentral controller. The tool assembly will continue to try to transmit areply message until a clear network is detected.

As was described above, the situation may occur where two toolassemblies do reply at precisely the same time to a general message andthus interfere with each other. As was described above, the centralcontroller will periodically regenerate the message and transmit it sothat the non-replying tool assemblies may respond. Once the messages arereceived, the steps disclosed in FIG. 23 are performed again by the toolassemblies.

The monitoring system described herein is employable by a system user toperform a number of different functions with regards to the one or moretool assemblies connected to the communications network. As wasdisclosed in FIG. 22, the central controller 198 includes a number ofprocessing sub-modules which may be selectively employed to performvarious monitoring functions. In particular, the parameters sub-module458 is used to view and amend any parameters for any sensor in aparticular tool assembly. The parameters for each sensor are stored inthe flash memory for the tool assembly, and are provided to the centralcontroller during the initial tool assembly identification process. Avarious points-in-time, the system user may initiate an extraction ofdata from a particular tool assembly so that the test results may becompiled and viewed. As with the other functions, a message for theparticular tool assembly is generated and transmitted to said toolassembly and the tool assembly responds by compiling information withregard to the specified test and transmits such information back to thecentral controller for further processing.

When a system user wishes to view or amend a particular parameter of asensor for a particular tool assembly, the listing of tool assembliesconnected to a particular communications node may be displayed on theuser interface and the tool assembly may be selected in order to viewthe sensors current installed and operating in the sensor head. In oneconfiguration of the invention, a screen display is provided whichdisplays all the parameter information with regards to a particular toolassembly. Through dialog boxes presented in the screen display, variousparameter information may be entered or amended. If a system user wishesto add change parameters for sensors of a particular tool assembly, amessage is generated by the central controller which includes theparameter information as well as an address heading for that particulartool assembly. This generated message is then transmitted over thecommunications network and once received by the tool assembly, andimplemented into its programming.

Yet another processing module employed in the monitoring systemdescribed herein is directed to programming and implementing tests inthe tool assemblies. Using the directory tree structure described above,the system user may select to view information about tests programmedfor one or sensors in a particular tool assembly. Tests to be performedare stored on the flash memory for the tool assembly and a listing ofthe tests is provided to the central controller during the initial toolassembly identification process described above When this selection ismade, a screen display may be presented which includes this programinformation. As was discussed previously, each of the tool assembliesinclude processing capability and memory. Stored into memory may be anumber of automated tests which the tool assembly has been programmed toperform at designated intervals. When a system user selects to go intothe testing mode for the system, the system user may retrieve and viewinformation with regards to tests currently programmed into the device.This may be done for each sensor of each tool assembly. When viewing theinformation, the system user may have the option to manually initiate aprogram test or add a new test for one or more sensors. When adding atest, certain information and/or internal information may be entered,such as the particular sensor, and the type of test (linear, event, orlinear average). Other options may be to program tests using adaptivescheduling. Steps performed in employing adaptive scheduling will bedescribed in greater detail below.

Further, items which may be programmed for tests include measurementintervals for taking readings in an automated test as well as thepoint-in-time which a test is to begin. Once necessary information forthe new test or the amended information is entered, the centralcontroller may compile and transmit a message to the particular toolassembly instructing the assembly to load and execute the test.

As an additional feature of the system described herein, the system usermay have the option of manually initiating or terminating a test for oneor more sensors or a function of one or more of the accessories. Theselection may be made through a dialog box in a screen display, and inturn, the central controller will generate a message for the particulartool assembly and transmit the same. According to the protocolsdescribed above, the central controller will then wait for a replymessage either indicating that the test and/or function has begun or ithas been stopped according to instructions.

As was discussed above, one mode of performing tests is called adaptivescheduling. Through use of adaptive scheduling, space in the flashmemory for the tool assembly may be conserved by only storing datapoints measured after the occurrence of significant events. A test maybe programmed to be performed when a particular condition is detected inany sensor, a customized monitoring program may be initiated and thedata which is collected during this time period is specially identified.One example of a time when such a program may be employed is when awater table is monitored for such conditions as flooding or flashfloods. When a significant event occurs which causes the water tablerises, this condition is detected it may be advantageous to provide acontinuous monitoring of the situation while it exists and then todiscontinue the monitoring once the situation has passed. This alsoapplies to measuring dramatic rises in the detection of contaminants.

Disclosed in FIG. 24 is a flowchart which describes in detail the stepperformed by a tool assembly during adaptive scheduling and monitoring.Initially the tool assembly may be operating in a mode wheremeasurements are taken at set intervals but are not stored in memory.During the monitoring, a particular condition may occur which exceeds athreshold value for the monitoring condition. If this threshold value isexceeded, the tool assembly will access memory and retrieve a testprogram designated for monitoring conditions during the particulardetected condition. As part of initiating the test program, anidentifier is added to the first page of data collected by the toolassembly indicating such things as the date/time/condition of theinitial event detected. From that point, data points may be periodicallytaken and stored in the data pages. In order to conserve memory, it isnot necessary to associate dates and times with data points that followas long as the readings are taken after known periods.

As the tool assembly and sensors continue monitoring, it may be detectedthat the measured condition has changed in a significant way whichrequires the use of another test program. For example, if the measuredconductivity level exceeds a particular value, the frequency of readingstaken may need to increase. When any type of change in test occurs,another identifier is added to the data page on which the new datapoints begins. As with the previous program, it may include date, timeand condition which required the change. As was described above,additional readings may then be taken without the necessity of addingdate or time information.

As the monitoring and the taking of data points continues, it may thenbe detected that the measured condition falls below the threshold ofvalue and back to a “normal”. At this point, the employment of thecustomized program may be discontinued and the sensors monitoring forthat particular parameter returned to the idle mode wherein it onlytakes readings periodically and does not store them in memory. Adaptivescheduling may be performed for any number of different sensors in atool assembly simultaneously. In the event that the test for the varioussensors in a sensor head are performed sequentially, enough time wouldexist between the end of one sequence and the beginning of the next twoperformed any monitoring functions required by the adaptive schedulingprocedure.

Yet another function performed by the test processing module of thecentral controller includes the extraction of test data for one or moresensors from the tool assemblies. When viewing particular tests for atool assembly a selection may be made to extract data from the toolassembly for that particular test. Specifically, a system user mayselect the particular tool assembly in the directory tree structure andnavigate to one or more existing tests for particular sensors. At thispoint, a selection may be made to extract test data for a particularsensor. In order to perform the above functions, the central controllerwill generate a message which is transmitted over the communicationsnetwork and detected by the particular tool assembly. Once the messageis received, the tool assembly will perform steps to extract theselected test data from the flash memory. This information istransmitted back to the central controller in a form of a message andthrough use of display/output module 464 disclosed in FIG. 21 andincluded in the central controller, the test information may bepresented in the desired format. This may also be performed to retrievea log of operations for an accessory.

One further feature of the system described herein is the functionalityfor a system user to update the firmware in a particular tool assemblyas the firmware becomes available. Through the process described herein,it is done in a manner which ensures the integrity of the existingfirmware as well as the new version which has been downloaded. Toperform this process, a selection may be made to manually upgrade orreplace the existing firmware. This selection may be made through use ofan interactive screen display. If this selection is made, the centralcontroller first identifies the appropriate firmware to be transferredand generates a message which includes the firmware. This message isthen transmitted over the communication network to the particular tool.The steps performed by the tool assembly in downloading of the firmwareis disclosed in FIG. 25.

Initially, the message is received from the central controllerindicating that the firmware is to be downloaded. The tool assembly mayat that point indicate that a test is being performed and the downloadcannot occur until the testing is complete. This is purely as an extraprecaution to protect integrity of the firmware on the tool assembly.One skilled in the art would realize that the system may be configuredsuch that the test can be performed and firmware downloaded at the sametime. Once it is determined that a test is not currently running, anentire copy of the upgrade firmware is downloaded directly into serialflash memory 150, as shown in the system diagram of FIG. 16. The currentversion of the firmware is resident on the program flash memory 158. Atany point after that the microprocessor may initiate a transfer of theupgrade firmware from the serial flash memory to the program flashmemory. At this point the old firmware is overwritten. Once the transferof the upgraded firmware is complete, a message is generated andtransmitted back to the central controller indicating that the upgradeof the firmware was successful.

Various embodiments of the present invention have been described indetail. It should be understood that any feature of any embodiment canbe combined in any combination with a feature of any other embodiment.Furthermore, adaptations and modifications to the described embodimentswill be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications andadaptations are expressly within the scope of the present invention, asset forth in the following claims.

1. A multi-parameter water quality monitoring system comprising: aplurality of multi-parameter monitoring tools each configured to receiveand electrically interconnect with a plurality of interchangeable sensorhead components and to communicate over a communications network; and acentral controller connectable to the communications network, saidcentral controller is configured to communicate with each of themulti-parameter monitoring tools, wherein the central controllerincludes functionality to receive configuration information for each ofthe plurality of interchangeable sensor head components interconnectedwith each of the plurality of tool assemblies and to extract operationalinformation therefrom; wherein each of the monitoring tool assembliesmay be further configured to communicate directly with at least oneother tool assembly over the communications network.
 2. Amulti-parameter water quality monitoring system comprising: a pluralityof multi-parameter monitoring tools each configured to receive andelectrically interconnect with a plurality of interchangeable sensorhead components and to communicate over a communications network; and acentral controller connectable to the communications network, saidcentral controller is configured to communicate with each of themulti-parameter monitoring tools, wherein the central controllerincludes functionality to receive configuration information for each ofthe plurality of interchangeable sensor head components interconnectedwith each of the plurality of tool assemblies and to extract operationalinformation therefrom; wherein the plurality of tool assemblies arelocated at a site remote from the central controller and connection tothe communications network is provided through use of a modem/controllerdevice.
 3. The system of claim 2 wherein the modem/controller employedfor communicating over the network includes the functionality to emulateat least one other system such that communications may be establishedwith devices other than the central controller.
 4. A multi-parameterwater quality monitoring system comprising: a plurality ofmulti-parameter monitoring tools each configured to receive andelectrically interconnect with a plurality of interchangeable sensorhead components and to communicate over a communications network; and acentral controller connectable to the communications network, saidcentral controller is configured to communicate with each of themulti-parameter monitoring tools, wherein the central controllerincludes functionality to receive configuration information for each ofthe plurality of interchangeable sensor head components interconnectedwith each of the plurality of tool assemblies and to extract operationalinformation therefrom; wherein the central controller comprises at leastone of: a personal computer, a palm top computer, a well top device, andanother tool assembly.
 5. A multi-parameter water quality monitoringsystem comprising: a plurality of multi-parameter monitoring tools eachconfigured to receive and electrically interconnect with a plurality ofinterchangeable sensor head components and to communicate over acommunications network; and a central controller connectable to thecommunications network, said central controller is configured tocommunicate with each of the multi-parameter monitoring tools, whereinthe central controller includes functionality to receive configurationinformation for each of the plurality of interchangeable sensor headcomponents interconnected with each of the plurality of tool assembliesand to extract operational information therefrom, wherein the centralcontroller is further configured to detect each of the tool assembliesconnected to the communications network, selectively access each of theone tool assemblies, and communicate with each of the tool assemblies soas to access, amend, and retrieve information stored in the accessedtool assembly, including data relating to each of the interchangeablesensor head components interconnected with the accessed tool assembly;wherein the operational information includes identification for each ofthe interchangeable sensor head components interconnected with aparticular one of the plurality of multi-parameter tool assemblies;wherein the interchangeable sensor head components comprise at least oneof: an interchangeable sensor and an accessory; and wherein the centralcontroller is further configured to generate and amend a test schedulefor each of the interchangeable sensors in the tool assembly, and tofurther access and extract data stored in memory for monitoringprocesses performed by each of the interchangeable sensors in the toolassembly.
 6. A multi-parameter water quality monitoring systemcomprising: a plurality of multi-parameter monitoring tools eachconfigured to receive and electrically interconnect with a plurality ofinterchangeable sensor head components and to communicate over acommunications network; and a central controller connectable to thecommunications network, said central controller is configured tocommunicate with each of the multi-parameter monitoring tools, whereinthe central controller includes functionality to receive configurationinformation for each of the plurality of interchangeable sensor headcomponents interconnected with each of the plurality of tool assembliesand to extract operational information therefrom, wherein the centralcontroller is further configured to detect each of the tool assembliesconnected to the communications network, selectively access each of theone tool assemblies, and communicate with each of the tool assemblies soas to access, amend, and retrieve information stored in the accessedtool assembly, including data relating to each of the interchangeablesensor head components interconnected with the accessed tool assembly;wherein the operational information includes identification for each ofthe interchangeable sensor head components interconnected with aparticular one of the plurality of multi-parameter tool assemblies;wherein the interchangeable sensor head components comprise at least oneof: an interchangeable sensor and an accessory; and wherein the centralcontroller further comprises at least one user interface which isconfigured to display a plurality of screen displays which provide forthe viewing and/or manual entry of information relating to theoperations of the at least one tool assembly including the data for eachof the interchangeable sensor head components connected thereto usercommands.
 7. The system of claim 6 wherein the central controller isconfigured to perform at least one of: detecting whether the at leastone tool assembly is connected to the network; detecting which of theinterchangeable sensor head components is interconnected with the atleast one tool assembly; presenting a first screen display whichprovides detail configuration for the at least one tool assemblyconnected to the communications network including the data for each ofthe interchangeable sensor head components connected thereto; presentinga second screen display which provides for manual entry of parameterinformation for each of the interchangeable sensors interconnected withthe at least one tool assembly, wherein the entered parameterinformation is provided to the at least one tool assembly over thecommunications network; and presenting a third screen display for manualentry of testing information for each of the interchangeable sensorsinterconnected with the at least one tool assembly, wherein the enteredtest information may be provided to the at least one tool assembly overthe communications network; and extracting and compiling testinformation for each of the interconnected interchangeable sensors fromthe at least tool assembly.
 8. A multi-parameter water qualitymonitoring system comprising: a plurality of multi-parameter monitoringtools each configured to receive and interconnect with a plurality ofinterchangeable sensor head components and to communicate over acommunications network; and a central controller connectable to thecommunications network, said central controller is configured tocommunicate with each of the multi-parameter monitoring tools, whereinthe central controller includes functionality to receive configurationinformation for each of the plurality of interchangeable sensor headcomponents interconnected with each of the plurality of tool assembliesand to extract operational information therefrom, wherein the centralcontroller is further configured to detect each of the tool assembliesconnected to the communications network, selectively access each of theone tool assemblies, and communicate with each of the tool assemblies soas to access, amend, and retrieve information stored in the accessedtool assembly, including data relating to each of the interchangeablesensor head components interconnected with the accessed tool assembly;wherein the central controller is further configured to selectivelyaddress each of the tool assemblies by placement of a unique addressheader in a message generated for transmission over the communicationsnetwork; wherein the message may comprise firmware which the toolassembly may employ for upgrade and/or replacement purposes.